Cultural Representation in Bollywood

This essay is focused on understanding and bringing out the role played by Bollywood with respect to globalization. The main area that has been focused on is how Bollywood has responded to the global flow of cultures and people by means of constructing various narratives of family, displacement, race, citizenship, belonging and home.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Cultural Representation in Bollywood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bollywood is the Indian film and movie industry’s’ nickname as it is known all over the world. It is also as popular as Hollywood and has a large target market in the middle east, Europe, Hong Kong, Britain and even Africa. Moreover, Bollywood has outdone Hollywood in the number of movies produced per year. â€Å"For hundreds of millions of fans around the world it is Bollywood and not Hollywood that spins their screen fantasies† (Mazumdar et al, 2000) . For the reasons of having a universal presence and following, it is why a lot of interest has developed as to what role Bollywood has played in displaying complex issues of socio-economic, political and cultural nature. Movies and cinemas have played a major role in relaying messages, ideas and informative information on a global scale. Globalization of media is the creation of a universal space which is an electronic, disinterred and a space in which boundaries and frontiers have been made permeable. Movies and cinema have played a very crucial role in the globalization of culture as well as capital. This has been done by integrating a few movies and articles so as to help bring out Bollywood’s contribution to these issues at hand. The movies are; Mississippi Masala, a movie about a romantic relationship involving an Indian woman and an African American man and Kal Ho Naa Ho a movie about an angry young woman whose father commits suicide and leaves her mother struggling to raise the children alone. Immigration and change of nationality was acceptable from way back in the days as we have seen from the Mississippi Masala movie, where we are informed about a woman who migrated to London, England with her family and eventually decided to change her Indian passport with a British one and met and fell in love with a man by the name of John Foran who also had two children namely Cerina, who was a girl and Amal who was a boy, to whom neither the woman gave birth to. Political struggles, race, gender nationality and even sexuality were basically static though they knew that they were not. This was seen where she would go to her women’s’ meetings where all the members were white, but they never took note that she was not white. Nevertheless, where her racial identification came up as a black woman and had a big impact, was in the union that she was involved in, where the white men explicitly ran the show and used to call her names such as a petal , a flower or even a colored sister (Gossett, 1997).Advertising Looking for critical writing on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This shows just how racism and anti-immigrant sentiments were in some areas in addition to the sexism, the nationalism and Eurocentric continuous arguments about ‘Class’. The people thought that there were no better ways of doing politics as they kept on asking themselves, could we ever get out of our class origins? What would the classless people look like? How did patriarchy and capitalism work together? How did migration affect class? Not because they wanted to have that seclusion, but they did not understand just how hybridism was a binding factor in their day to day lives and activities. It however brings out the element of conflict where she was experiencing the conflicts within herself all the time because of the elements of her identity which were not neatly rela ted to each other causing irritation and collision with each of the sides. Such as her trade union sympathies being in conflict with her feminist ones, which were in turn in conflict with what she defined as white feminism. To her, she often looked at it as if the analysts had not drawn upon their own critical imagination whenever she read the uni-dimensional analyses. Whenever it comes to the study of philosophy, Gramsci who happens to be an author too, discusses the role of identity in the development of a world view and argues that in acquiring ones conception of the world, one always belongs to a particular grouping of social elements that share the same mode of thinking and acting. Gramsci also stated that to criticize one’s own conception of the world, it meant criticism of all previous philosophies. However, what we get from and surprises most in Kal Naa Ho movie and differentiates it from the other neoconservative romantic movies is the way their presentations of the male sexuality is folded into, and indeed buttress, this triumphalism narrative of Indian cultural superiority, patriarchal authority and transitional mobility. Even though it fits very well within the genre that of the neoconservative romance, it also bears traces of an earlier genre, which is that of the prototypical Bollywood movie and its particular mapping of gender and sexual arrangements. Within this genre, a triangulated relationship between the two male stars and the heroine serves to both contain and enable male homoeroticism. The film itself follows the romantic exploits and familial relations of an Indian diasporic family in New Jersey and was a major hit both in India and in the South Asian Diaspora, where it was strenuously marketed.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Cultural Representation in Bollywood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kal Ho Naa Ho is but the latest in a series of films p roduced in Bollywood that are set in the Diaspora or more specifically in the global cities of the North, such as New York or London. These films provide diasporic audiences with a nationalist mirror image of themselves that they in turn incorporate and consume. The writer in these movies however plans or intends to put across that racism really does exist and shows just how it affects us in one way or another. The use of the Hindu songs in the movies is intended to promote the culture and also entertain the audience. Whereby, film makers sometimes use different races in their movies so as to show unity among different races and use positive scripts to show the audience that the different races could always mingle and work in unison without hatred. Feminists also need to take note of the issues that are brought about by race and ethnicity which is becoming more of a central concern in our organizations, schools, estates and everywhere people meet. It is only in America where feminis ts have more difficulties in dealing with the issue of racism and engaging in meaningful inter-racial interaction. As a result of feminism, discussions about race and racism do not end up in good terms, it always ends up in anger, hurt, silent treatment, yelling, withdrawal and profound belief that the opposite sides are unable to listen and learn from the other thus arguments always end up in a dead end. Feminists tend to occupy racial hierarchies, leading to decapitation of discussions instead of moving through and beyond the anger, guilt, ignorance and silence about race and racism that are the products of power relations in the larger societies. Big differences in terms of culture and history among women who are not white have made alliances difficult which often leads to conflicts and ephemeral. War from reasons of race, color and religion broke out and for example, the Watts uprising in 1965, the Latinos, African Americans, the Asian Americans and the Euro-American shop owners faced mobs of people who were joined together by anger, resentment and the desire, determined by the politics of race, ethnicity, class, gender and immigration. The Koreans shop owners were mainly attacked by the Latinos and black people who targeted Korea town. However, these narratives of multiethnic, multiracial and multicultural conflicts did not render irrelevant the systematic forms of white racism against the people who were considered to be colored. The media focused on inter-racial and inter-ethnic dimensions of the uprising and focused in part of the cultural work of creating awareness of the ways the structures of white racism intensified conflict between racism and ethnicity.Advertising Looking for critical writing on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through the book â€Å"Impossible Desires†, the author gestures towards the ways in which the both nations and the Diaspora is refigured within a very queer Diasporas imagination. The author publicly sought to document challenges, conventional Diasporas and nationalists’ discourses that forget, exercise and criminalizes queer bodies, pleasures, desires, histories and lives (Sanjek, 2004). He decides to make a movie from the book and shoots it at the apartments which he grew up in and says that every time he watched the film, it made it clearer many questions that he tried to grapple within his book. This viewing experience, revealed to him just how his home as a national and Diasporas space is continuously created and consumed within the realm of traditional public culture and understands the necessity of producing reading practices that could grasp the ever-increasing slippages and overlaps between nations and the Diaspora that characterized the realm. There were vari ous contributors to â€Å"All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave† (Hull et al., 1982). This made the point very powerfully, as have many other writers since then, including those in the collection â€Å"Charting the Journey†. Many writings which address these issues are by women and feminists, of color and not, living all over the world. The author points out the anxious citations of the male homosexuality as they mark the most recent strategy though which Bollywood as a National Cinema manages queerness in the context of globalization. He argues the functions to simultaneously acknowledge contain and disavow the queerness of the male desire. By doing so, the film keeps intact the heteronormativity of the home space of the Nation. As much as the films Diasporas characters learn to modernize Indian tradition, so that it falls in line with an entrepreneur and capitalist American ethos, the film itself references male homosexuality in in creasingly explicit terms as a way of marking the increasing modernity and cosmopolitanism of Bollywood cinema. The representation of the male sexuality is hardly at odds with the new relation between Diaspora and Nation that the film maps out but is in fact implicated deeply within it. In this case however, if the male homosexuality is not only imaginable, but even desirable within the new global landscape, queer female desires or subjectivity also exists, crucially, outside the frame of the possible. The continuity of the impossibility and un-imaginability of queer female desire and subjectivity even as a queer male desire ascends to ever greater visibility speaks to the radically asymmetrical ways in which queer male and female bodies are constructed and disciplined within the Diasporas and nationalist discourses as they take shape on the terrain of transitional public culture. The writer here brings about the queerness of the different sexuality of the male and the female sexual ity and is not trying to hide the facts that homosexuality, which basically means people of the same sex engaging themselves in sexual activities, really does exist and existed from a very long time ago and that the people are living to accept it into their cultures. The author forgets to touch on the facts related to homosexuality and spirituality and whether it is acceptable or not. After all is said and done, I have concluded with an undeniable fact that racism, ethnicity and homosexuality does exist and affects each and every one of us in a different way and in everything, as we have seen, there is evident consequences to every action that one chooses to do and get involved in. So it is prudent to make wise decisions to avoid disasters. References Gossett, T. (1997). Race: the history of an idea in America. London, UK: Oxford University Press. Hull, R. Gloria T. Patricia, B. and Barbara S. (1982). All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black W omen’s Studies. Old Westbury, N.Y: The Feminist Press. Mazumdar,S Power,C.(2000). Bollywood goes global. Newsweek International, 52. Sanjek, R. (2004). Race. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. This critical writing on Cultural Representation in Bollywood was written and submitted by user Jaqueline Rosales to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fibonacci essays

Fibonacci essays Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci, or more commonly known as Fibonacci, was born in Pisa, Italy in 1175. He was the son of Guilielmo Bonacci, a secretary of the Republic of Pisa. His father was only a secretary, so he was often sent to do work in Pisan trading colonies. He did this for many years until 1192. In 1192, his dad got a permanent job as the director of the Pisan trading colony in Bugia, Algeria. Sometime after 1192, Bonacci brought Fibonacci with him to Bugia. Bonnaci expected Fibonacci to become a merchant and so arranged for him in instruction of calculation techniques. One of the major themes in this involved the Hindu-Arabic numerals which had not yet been introduced into Europe. Eventually, Bonacci enlisted his son's help in carrying out business for the Pisan republic and sent him on trips to Egypt, Syria, Greece, Sicily, and Provence. Fibonacci took this grand opportunity offered by his father, to study and learn the mathematical techniques in use in these various re gions. Around 1200, Fibonacci returned to Pisa where, for at least the next twenty-five years, he worked on his own mathematical compositions. Fibonacci produced his most famous book, Liber abaci (the book of the Calculator). The book consisted of four parts, and was revised by him a quarter of a century later (in 1228). It was a thorough article on algebraic methods and problems which strongly emphasized and advocated the introduction of the Indo-Arabic numeral system, comprising the figures one to nine, and the innovation of the "zephirum" the figure zero. Dealing with operations in whole numbers systematically, he also proposed the idea of the bar (solidus) for fractions, and went on to develop rules for converting fraction factors into the sum of unit factors. At the end of the first part of the book, he presented tables for multiplication, prime numbers and factor numbers. In the second part he demonstrated mathematical applications to commerc...

Producing creative solutions to business problems Assignment

Producing creative solutions to business problems - Assignment Example It can be observed that majority of the problems leading to high turnover stem from lack of motivation. Repetitive tasks, low wages, lack of appraisal and low opportunity for growth reduce employee motivation. Staff therefore quit their jobs and move to other organizations that pay and reward them well. High turnover indicates that the organization is facing challenges with human resource management, more specifically, with employee retention. Therefore the solution to the problem will focus on designing new rewards and compensation schemes, training and development programs, and task design, which will aim at improving motivation and enhancing job satisfaction. It is suggested that managers motivate their staff by encouraging them, understanding their social needs, and acknowledging their efforts (Stoner, Robbins, Chaturvedi, Coulter, Hitt, and Manjunath, 2011). A rewards system is a great way to acknowledge an employee’s efforts. A ‘pay for performance’ model of compensation should be implemented based on which employees with higher performance will get higher rewards. The staff will be motivated to work more productively and this will increase the overall performance of the organization. At the same time, annual performance evaluation should be carried out each year. The evaluation will help in the identification of high performing employees as well as those whose performance has been below satisfactory. This way the organization can reduce its low performing staff and save its cost which can be invested back in the company. The performance evaluation will be followed by bonuses that will reward high performing staff for their efforts and performance. The distribution of bonuses will occur according to a pre-planned tier system that will highlight various performance levels with a certain bonus reward. Additionally, employees who perform very well will have chances

Innovation in nursing IP phase 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Innovation in nursing IP phase 2 - Assignment Example Answers for Appendix A are: 1) 7, 2) 6, 3) 7, 4) 8, 5) 6, 6) 7, 8) 6, 9) 7, 10) 8, 11) 7, 12) 7, 13) 8, 14) 8, 15) 7, 16) 8, and 17) 8. After computing for the score, the mean for the exercise is 6.35. It is just a few points above half the scale. There is still room for improvements towards innovation in medical nursing care. The result may not be as impressive as initially expected but theoretical assessment does not literally translate to actual assessment which matters the most (Endsley, 2010). Strong points would be willingness to learn and open-mindedness. One would strongly consider those characteristics in a person who is working in the medical field as one would take in instructions from physicians. A single mistake into executing the instruction may put a patient’s life in jeopardy. Willingness to learn is somewhat associated with the fact that though one is knowledgeable in the field, there would be breakthroughs and changes which are needed to be executed. Learning, especially in the medical field, does not end upon graduation. There would be changes in the way medications would be administered to patients which are very crucial. Learning is not just the important thing at this aspect but also being properly informed. The two goes hand in hand. As for open-mindedness, there would be come a time that a nurse would be getting orders from interns and/or specialists who could be not just younger in age but also younger in exposure to the actual hospital or clini c. At this point, though the idea and concept of respect should always be present at a working environment, it is not always those who are employed longer who would get the final decision. This characteristic is truly crucial in the nursing world. As for weakness, one could point out lack of confidence and occasional stubbornness. Methods of expanding and enhancing innovations should be more inclined towards hand-on learning. It would give nurses

The Iran- Iraq War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Iran- Iraq War - Research Paper Example The Iran- Iraq War The United States covertly supported Iraq, even as they had arm dealings with the Iranian government. However, by the end of the war, neither Iran and Iraq, nor the United States got any benefits from this war. This paper aims at analyzing this war, and discussing the United State’s involvement and role in this war. Saddam Hussein had steadily risen to become Iraq’s most powerful leader by the mid 1970s (Yetiv 79). In 1979, he forced the country’s incumbent leaders to step down, and hold a meeting of the Ba’ath party’s leadership, where he arrested and executed his imagined and key political opponents. His position as Iraq’s dictator was an insecure one in 1980 since he had just grabbed power in bloodthirsty fashion. He, however, did not consider himself one of the thug-life dictators who were in power in most third world countries. He saw himself as an enlightened and modern leader whose purpose was to make Iraq the Middle East’s leading country. While he would sometime lean on religious rhetoric, especially in his battles with the US in later years, his regime was secular (Yetiv 80). His party’s ideology grounded itself on socialism rather than Islamic teachings. His government took to many reforms, including the secularization of Iraq’s legal code, which was opposed by a majority of the Iraqi’s on grounds of religion. While Saddam and his men were Sunni Muslims, a vast majority of Iraqi’s were Shia’s, which bothered Saddam who distrusted their loyalty.

Effect Of Subliminal Advertising: Children

Effect Of Subliminal Advertising: Children Many of us find the idea of subliminal messages altering our thought processes to be horrifying today. Often seen as akin to brainwashing, the notion that advertisers rely on subliminal messages to prey on childrens minds, demanding their attachment to some new cereal, toy, or game, is equally if not more disturbing to many people. Yet despite the protests of those against advertising to children, the effects of normal commercials are hardly subliminal, and hardly cause uncontrollable or irreversible change in disposition or desire. Additionally, though the effects of product placement in movies and television may more compellingly be seen as subliminal, and likely impact children more than adults, the effects of such advertising are not necessary severe, irreversible, or long-term for children. In this essay, I review research findings related to subliminal advertisings effects on children. I argue that while product placement in movies and television does technically qualify as subliminal advertising that can be seen to significantly effect children (unlike traditional commercial advertising, which does not technically produce subliminal effects), neither product placement nor commercial advertising has been proven to have irreparable unconscious or subconscious effects that vary according to age. While children are more vulnerable to product placement advertising as subliminal messaging than are adults, children should nonetheless not be seen as victims of brainwashing, but merely as less-informed or autonomous actors in a world where we can avoid advertisings effects by critically receiving messages and providing an alternative voice or message to those less informed around us. Subliminal Advertising Versus Commercial Advertising As Rogers points out in his historical examination of the idea of subliminal market advertising, the idea of the subliminal advertisement came about in the late 1950s, when it was suggested that data projected briefly on television would reach the consuming public subconsciously, rather than consciously, providing a qualitatively stronger effect that could be advantageous to marketers. Despite a lack of scientific validation for this claim, which one early critic likened to the idea that a whiff of a martini is worse than a swallow (qtd. in Rogers 13), the idea caught hold in the popular imagination that subliminal advertising strongly effected people without their knowing it, in favor of advertisers interests. In one movie theater where messages to eat popcorn and drink Coke were projected quickly (and therefore subliminally) on the screen, it was claimed that sales skyrocketed (Rogers 13). Yet this early experiment was not confirmed by third parties or conducted with an eye to potential limitations, and other variables were not carefully considered. Additionally, organizations concerned with protecting ordinary citizens from subliminal messages, such as the Federal Communications Commission, did not find in their experiments that such messages had strong or even noticeable effects (Rogers 15). Later research adhering more closely to scientific standards confirmed on the contrary that a strong stimulus produces a strong response, and a weak stimulus produces a weak response, implying that zero perception equals zero response, and so subliminal means in practical terms no effect' (Rogers 15). It has been argued nonetheless that for young children who may not recognize the difference between television programming and advertisements, commercials serve as subliminal advertising, effecting their beliefs and behaviors without their control. As Goldstein notes, the argument repeated in nearly every document on advertising to children assumesthat commercials create wants because young viewers do not understand advertising and are therefore particularly influenced by it (Children and Advertising 5). However, Goldsteins review of empirical research highlights evidence suggesting that advertising to children does not strongly effect their behavior or attitudes, in comparison with other sources of influence and socialization (Policy Implications). Parents and peers play a role in shaping children, which is arguably stronger than that of any commercial or corporation. As Goldstein writes, children learn to be consumers in the same way they are socialized into politics or acquire the ir attitudes about the sexes-from a variety of sources, including family, friends, teachers, and the mass media (Policy Implications 9). Additionally, no research indicates that not comprehending an advertisement as such gives it a stronger impact. As with the claim regarding subliminal messaging more generally, if you cannot comprehend something, then there is no reason why it would more strongly influence you than would something you can comprehend. As Goldstein argues, if children cannot extract the commercial message, they are not in a position to act on it (Policy Implications 5). Studies in different countries and contexts additionally confirm that commercials have little impact on young children, despite intuitive but anecdotal evidence of children identifying goods and toys on commercials as things they would like to possess (Goldstein, Children and Advertising 6).. Thus, while the research remains open to interpretation in this complex area of study, claims that commercials extraordinarily impact the youngest should not be taken as the ultimate truth. In summary, the idea of subliminal advertising having a strong effect on children or people in general due to its incomprehensibility is not strongly backed up by research, despite its initial appeal. Neither adults nor children are necessarily effected strongly by advertising messages they do not consciously recognize as advertising, while it seems likely on the contrary that subliminal advertisements not consciously received have little to no impact. Product placement within television programming or movies better fits the description of subliminal messaging, however, as it does have an impact, albeit a manageable one, on people (such as children) who fail to notice it. Product Placement: Subliminal Advertising that We Can Manage While images flashing across the screen effect adults little more than commercials that children do not recognize impact children, subliminal messaging is likely more effective in advertising through product placement, where characters in a movie or television series smoke a particular brand of cigarettes or drink a particular kind of soda, whose brand is one very minor message that easily goes unnoticed in the context of a plot line or other character or story development. Research shows there are effects to product placement that go beyond those associated with traditional forms of subliminal messaging. However, the effects of product placement on children are not necessarily severe or irreversible, leading most to conclude that this form of advertising is not much more of a serious problem for children than are regular commercial advertisements. Though product placement can be understood as non-subliminal as products usually have exposure time measured in seconds rather than milliseconds, making the message easy to see, if one is looking for it, product placement may be considered subliminal nonetheless, as its effects can be taken to be tacit or implicit because recollection of the brands may be unreliable or unavailable (Auty and Lewis, Delicious Paradox 118). Studies have found that children do respond to this sort of subliminal messaging. In one study, half of the children were shown a clip from the movie Home Alone where Pepsi Cola is spilled during a meal, while the other half were shown a similar clip without the branded soda. The majority of the children who saw the Pepsi Cola chose Pepsi over Coke in a later research session, while the majority of those who did not see the Pepsi label in the clip chose Coke. These findings lead Auty and Lewis to conclude that given the tendency of young children to watch videos of t heir favorite films over and over again, the findings have ethical implications for the use of product placement in films targeted at young children who have not yet acquired strategic processing skillsthey have been affected by the exposure in some preconscious way (Childrens Choice 713). Another hypothesis of this study was that younger children would be more vulnerable to product placement than older children. This was not found to be the case, suggesting that age is not a major factor impacting a childs vulnerability to product placement messaging. However, whether one has advertising literacy, which can only be developed at adolescence, does impact the effects of product placement on an individual. As Auty and Lewis write, it appears as if a sophisticated understanding of advertising will actually militate against effective commercial communications because it will stimulate a counterargument (Delicious Paradox 127). When one recognizes an advertisement as a form of attempted manipulation, this critical orientation can disincline one toward the message to buy or desire a particular good or service. Because one requires a certain level of cognitive maturity to understand product placement and other forms of advertising in a critical manner, age therefore becomes cr ucial to understanding how it is that adults but not children can become immune to such messaging. Auty and Lewis regard this as a delicious paradox of product placement as subliminal advertising: adults can guard against preconscious perceptions simply by noting the appearance of a produce as a placement with a commercial origin while children 8-12 years of age need cues to produce counterarguments, thus failing to understand the product placement as a commercial message (Delicious Paradox 128). It seems, therefore, that product placement in film does effect children more so than adults as a form of subliminal messaging. Thus, while it remains the case that unnoticed messages often have little to not effect on people whatever age they are, adults can develop a form of immunity to product placement as subliminal messaging, whereas children are vulnerable to this form of messaging, though its impact remains variable and difficult to understand in a conclusive manner. Such findings have led to much scrutiny particularly of product placement of alcohol or tobacco products in films or television shows accessible by children. In the 1980s many felt certain that such subliminal advertising was inappropriately impacting young people, encouraging them to make unhealthy decisions in the interests of businesses. Yet there remains hope that, as with other forms of subliminal advertising, the effects of product placement on young people can be managed by parental influence and other shapers of young peoples behaviors and attitudes. As Goldstein argues, the best predictors of smoking are whether ones parents and friends smoke (Policy Implications 9). Advertisers have no monopoly in their influence, and on the other hand one can identify countries where smoking is prevalent while people have little exposure to cigarette advertisements (Goldstein, Policy Implications 10), suggesting that the relationship between advertisements and behavior is hardly inevitable . Thus, one can teach their children to critically view media messages and otherwise help shape choice so that the media does not do this for them. In conclusion, there is little reason to be afraid of subliminal advertisings effects on children. Research suggests that at all ages that which one does not comprehend will have a small to nonexistent impact on his or her behavior, attitudes, and desires, which implies that children who watch advertisements that they do not understand are unlikely to be brainwashed or effected in a strong way by the messages. Neither children nor adults are significantly impacted by subliminal messages or other commercials that go unrecognized as such, and thus we have little to worry about when it comes to the effects of subliminal advertising on children. On the other hand, product placement today comes closer to fitting the definition of effective subliminal messaging, as information can be delivered without audience recognition to create an effect on uncritical minds. Clearly children are disadvantaged with regard to product placement as they are not able to recognize product placement as a means of behavior manipulation, and thus this remains a cause of concern for those who fear that children are at risk of taking up bad habits due to product placement of alcohol or cigarettes, for example. Nonetheless, as with other forms of subliminal advertising we cannot recognize or comprehend, we should not be too fearful of the effects of product placement on children as a form of subliminal advertising, as the media is only one of many factors influencing children, including parents, friends, and educators. Subliminal advertising, while it may exist, thus has only a minor impact on children, overall, against other factors vying for childre ns minds.

Bless Me Ultima Essay -- essays research papers

Blood becomes the river. The human race dies and only the â€Å"she-goats and the he-goats† (109) remain. The lake â€Å"cracked with laughter of madness† and the â€Å"ghosts stood and walked upon the shore†.(109) Who dares dream such gruesome images? Antonio Marez. He questions God, he communicates with the dead, the dead ask him for blessings. Just who is this Tony? Tony is only a seven year boy who lives in small town of El Puerto. But he is no ordinary boy, he is the hero of Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me Ultima. The novel guides you through Tony’s life. From childhood to adulthood. It tells you about the experiences Tony has in life. The difficult tasks he has to overcome. Tony being only seven years old has to go through a lot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tony begins his story in the beginning. He does not mean the beginning of his dreams from which he learned the story of his birth and the people whom his father and mother belong to, and the story of his three brothers. He means the beginning of Ultima. Ultima is one of the most important people in Tony’s life. She is not only a curandera (healer) she is also Tony’s teacher. She guides him through his journey. A journey in which he has to find out what his destiny is. â€Å"Ultima† means â€Å"the end† for Tony Ultima is the unification between the beginning and the end. Time almost sees her as a sort of deity. Tony learns from her the names of plants, the herbs, the flowers, bushes and his appreciation for nature grows. Tony learns about the â€Å"...